• 06 September, 2025
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Indian Evidence Act 24 articles

Statement made under special circumstances

Introduction: It is a third exception to the hearsay rule. It consists of the statements mentioned in the section 34 to 39 of Indian Evidence Act, 1872 which are considered to be statement made und...

  • 01 Dec, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Provision regarding Hearsay Evidence

INTRODUCTION Hearsay evidence signifies the evidence heard and said. It is also known as second hand unoriginal evidence because a witness is merely reporting not what he himself saw or heard but w...

  • 01 Dec, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Doctrine of Plea Alibi under Evidence Act

              Introduction:  Object of Section 11 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 is to admit those facts which will he...

  • 01 Dec, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Law of Conspiracy under Section 10 IEA

Introduction: Section 10 deals with the admissibility of evidence in a conspiracy case and is based on the theory of implied agency i.e. every conspirator is an agent of this association in carryin...

  • 01 Dec, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Procedure of Test Identification Parade under Evidence Act

According to Section 9 Facts which establish the identity of anything or person whose identity is relevant, Where the court has to know the identity of anything or any person, any fact which est...

  • 01 Dec, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Section 9 : Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts

Introduction: Sec. 9 deals with relevancy of facts which are introductory or explanatory in nature, or supports or rebuts a fact in issue or a relevant fact, or which establishing identity of a per...

  • 01 Dec, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Section 8 Indian Evidence Act: Motive, Preparation and Conduct

Introduction: Section 8 Indian Evidence Act, 1872 deals with the relevancy of motive, preparation, previous conduct (conduct of accused before the commission of offence) and subsequent conduct (con...

  • 01 Dec, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Occasion, Cause or Effect of Facts in Issue Section 7

Facts which are the Occasion, Cause or Effect of Facts in Issue (Section 7) According to Sec. 7, the following facts are relevant.- facts which are the occasion, cause or effect (immediate or...

  • 01 Dec, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Doctrine of Res Gestae under Evidence Act 1872

Introduction: Res Gestae has been derived from Latin words meaning ‘’things done’’. It is mainly an exception to the hearsay rule of evidence which refers to ‘’...

  • 01 Dec, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Principle of Estoppel under Evidence Act

Introduction: According to the doctrine of estoppel there are certain facts which the parties are prohibited from proving. Estoppel is a principle of law by which a person is held bound by the repr...

  • 01 Dec, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

RELEVANCY OF EXTRA JUDICIAL CONFESSION

INTRODUCTION In a general sense, the term “Confession” refers to acknowledgment or admission of any statement made by any person who is guilty or in charge of any criminal act.  Ho...

  • 01 Dec, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Oral evidence under section 59 of Indian Evidence Act

Evidence and its Kinds: According to Section 3 of the Evidence Act 1872, evidence means and includes: All such statements which the court allows or needs to be presented before it b...

  • 27 Nov, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Judgements of Court of Justice when relevant

Relevancy of Judgements (section 40-44) A judgment is a decision of a court regarding the rights and liabilities of parties in a legal action or proceeding. There are two kinds of judgments: J...

  • 27 Nov, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Opinion of Third Person When Relevant means Expert Opinion

Introduction: The opinions or beliefs of third persons are, as a general rule, irrelevant, and therefore, inadmissible. Witnesses are to state the facts only i.e. what they themselves saw or heard,...

  • 27 Nov, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Exclusion of Oral by Documentary Evidence and its exceptions

Where both oral as well as documentary evidence are admissible, the court may go by the evidence which seems to be more reliable. There is nothing in the Act requiring that the documentary evidence sh...

  • 27 Nov, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Exclusion of Oral Evidence by Documentary Evidence: Ambiguity in Documents (Section 93 to 100)

INTRODUCTION The rule about admission or exclusion of extrinsic evidence has been laid down under section 93 to 98 of the Indian Evidence Act. Such exclusion or admission of extrinsic evidence...

  • 27 Nov, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Difference between Primary and Secondary Evidence

Primary Secondary Primary Evidence is original document which is presented to the court for its inspection. Secondary Evidence is the...

  • 27 Nov, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Documentary Evidence in Indian Evidence Act

The term ‘evidence’ owes its origin to the Latin terms ‘evident’ or ‘evidere’ that mean “to show clearly, to discover, to ascertain or to prove” Acco...

  • 27 Nov, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Difference between Admission and Confession

Admission Confession If a statement is made by a party in civil proceeding it will be called as admission. If a statement made by a p...

  • 27 Nov, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Concept of Confession under evidence Act

INTRODUCTION: Section 24 to 30 of Indian Evidence Act deal with relevancy of `Confession’ in criminal proceeding. The term “Confession” has not been defined in Indian Evidence Act...

  • 27 Nov, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Difference between Admissions and Estoppel under Evidence Act

Admissions Estoppel The rules regarding admissions is laid down under Sec-17-23 & 31 of the Indian Evidence Act The rule re...

  • 27 Nov, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Concept of Admission under Indian Evidence Act 1872

Introduction: An admission is a statement of fact which waves or dispenses with the production of evidence by conceding that the fact asserted by the opponent is true. It is a voluntary acknowledg...

  • 27 Nov, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Dying Declaration under Section 32 of Indian Evidence Act

INTRODUCTION: A fact to be proved by oral evidence must be stated before the court by a person who has first-hand knowledge on the facts to be proved. Second-hand evidence is loosely termed as hear...

  • 27 Nov, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

Burden of Proof under Indian Evidence Act 1872

Introduction Chapter VII, Sec-101 to Sec-1174 of Indian Evidence Act 1872 deals with the provisions of "burden of Proof". The word 'burden of proof' has not been defined in Eviden...

  • 27 Nov, 2023

  • Indian Evidence Act

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